{"id":1074,"date":"2016-08-15T20:33:00","date_gmt":"2016-08-15T20:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/"},"modified":"2016-09-08T13:55:45","modified_gmt":"2016-09-08T13:55:45","slug":"the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/","title":{"rendered":"The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"carouselwrap\"><div id=\"menu-turkey\" class=\"carouselmenu\"><a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/the-science-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>The Science Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/teachers-teacher-education-and-professional-development\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Teachers, Teacher Education, and Professional Development<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/instruction-for-mathematics-and-science-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Instruction for Mathematics and Science in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/monitoring-student-progress-in-mathematics-and-science\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Monitoring Student Progress in Mathematics and Science<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/use-and-impact-of-timss\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>Use and Impact of TIMSS<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/references\/\" class=\"menu-link main-menu-link menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom\"><span>References<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/div><\/div>\t<style>\n\t\t.carouselwrap{\n\t\t\tbackground: #e5eaef;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a{\n\t\t\tbackground: #ffffff;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\n\t\t}\t\t\n\t\t.owl-item a:hover,\n\t\t.owl-item a:focus,\n\t\t.owl-item a.current-menu-item{\n\t\t\tbackground: #00667f;\n\t\t\tborder: 4px #00b2cc solid;\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tcolor: #ffffff;\n\t\t}\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n<h2>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades<\/h2>\n<p>The vision of the current primary mathematics curriculum emphasizes educating students in the use of mathematics in their lives, to solve problems, share solutions and ideas, and enjoy learning mathematics.<sup>10<\/sup>  The principle \u201cevery child may learn mathematics\u201d is the main focus of the curriculum, which includes many essential and contemporary teaching goals, elements of constructivism, and other teaching theories. The curriculum is based on constructivist principles, student-centeredness, and a departure from lecturing, moving instead toward understanding, exploring, and conceptualizing the essence of mathematical ideas.<sup>11<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The curriculum highlights the importance of a learning environment where students may research, discover, and solve problems, and where they may share and debate solutions and approaches to mathematical problems. The curriculum promotes connecting various areas of study within mathematics, as well as connecting mathematics with other subjects and disciplines. Curriculum topics were prepared according to the developmental level of students in every grade. These strategies are intended to enhance students\u2019 active participation in learning mathematics and its principles.<\/p>\n<p>Students are encouraged to engage in various activities in order to conduct research, obtain results, and discuss solutions, and to use different materials for these activities to develop their psychomotor abilities. The mathematics curriculum highlights conceptual and procedural understanding throughout primary school.<sup>12<\/sup>  The curriculum emphasizes fundamental mathematical abilities (e.g., problem solving, reasoning, communication, and making connections) along with general skills (e.g., creative thinking, research-based learning, and use of technology). <\/p>\n<p>In the current primary school curriculum, there are four learning areas in Grades 1 to 4: Numbers, Geometry, Data, and Measurement. While the distribution of content differs slightly for each grade, Exhibit 2 presents these learning areas and their overall content across this grade span.<sup>13<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p><strong>Exhibit 2: Mathematics Curriculum Learning Areas and Content, Grades 1\u20134<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>Learning Areas<\/td>\n<td >Content<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Numbers<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Use numbers   and digits; develop estimation and calculation skills by understanding the   four arithmetic operations; associate fractions, percentages, and decimal   fractions; determine relationships within patterns and apply this information   to problem solving<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Geometry<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Develop   spatial abilities; determine relationships between geometric shapes and   objects; decorate with planar shapes; understand and use symmetry; use   geometric tools and materials<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Data<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Gather,   organize, and analyze data (probability is taught beginning in the fourth   grade)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Measurement<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Perform estimations; develop an understanding of the concepts of measurement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>There are five mathematics learning areas in Grades 6 to 8 (lower secondary school): Numbers, Geometry, Measurement, Probability and Statistics, and Algebra. Exhibit 3 presents these learning areas and their respective content across this grade span.<sup>14<\/sup><br \/>\n<strong><br \/>\nExhibit 3: Mathematics Curriculum Learning Areas and Content, Grades 6\u20138<\/strong><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\" class=\"tableEncyc\">\n<tr class=\"heading\">\n<td>Learning Areas<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"3\">Content<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Grade 6<\/td>\n<td class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Grade 7<\/td>\n<td class=\"headingInside\">Grade 8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Numbers<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Natural numbers, integers,   operations on integers, multiples and factors, fractions, decimals,   percentages, rate and ratio, and sets<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Operations   using integers and rational numbers, rates and ratios, and consumer   arithmetic<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Exponential   numbers, square roots of numbers, and real numbers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Geometry<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Lines, line   segments, and rays, angles, polygons, congruency and similarity, transformation   geometry, patterns and ornaments, and geometric shapes<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Lines and   angles, polygons, congruency and similarity, circles and circular area,   geometric shapes, transformation geometry, and patterns and ornaments<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Triangles,   geometric patterns and ornaments, geometric objects, geometric   transformations, and projection<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Measurement<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Angles,   length, area, time, volume, and liquids<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Measuring   angles, area of quadrilaterals, perimeter of circles and arc length, area of   circles and sectors, surface area of geometric shapes, and volume of   geometric shapes<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Measuring   triangles, volume of geometric objects, and surface area of geometric objects<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Probability and Statistics <\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Probable   conditions, main concepts of probability, types of events, preparing survey questions   and collecting data, tables and graphs, and measures of central tendency and   dispersion<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Probable   conditions, types of events, types of probability,tables and graphs, and measures of central tendency and dispersion<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Determining   possible outcomes, types of events, charts and graphs, measures of central   tendency, and spread<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"borderBottom\">\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"headingInside borderRight\">Algebra<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Patterns and relations,   algebraic expressions, and equality and equations<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom borderRight\">Patterns and   relations, algebraic expressions, and equations<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" class=\"borderBottom\">Patterns and   relations, algebraic expressions, and equality and equations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Mathematics Curriculum in Primary and Lower Secondary Grades The vision of the current primary mathematics curriculum emphasizes educating students in the use of mathematics in their lives, to solve problems, share solutions and ideas, and enjoy learning mathematics.10 The &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/countries\/turkey\/the-mathematics-curriculum-in-primary-and-lower-secondary-grades\/\">Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":175,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1074","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1074","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1074"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1074\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5378,"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1074\/revisions\/5378"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/timss2015.org\/encyclopedia\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1074"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}