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To the Mathematics and Science Literacy Section
To the Advanced Mathematics Section
Executive Summary (also contains the Introduction)
Introduction
Table 1 : Countries Participating in Testing of Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Table 2: TIMSS Coverage Indices (TCIs)
Table 3: TIMSS Coverage Indices (TCIs) for Advanced Mathematics and Physics
Table 4 : Selected Demographic Characteristics of TIMSS Countries
Table 5 : Public Expenditure on Education at Primary and Secondary Levels in TIMSS Countries
Figure 1: Centralization of Decision-Making Regarding Curriculum Syllabi
Figure 2: Centralization of Decision-Making Regarding Textbooks
Figure 3: Centralization of Decision-Making Regarding Examinations
Mathematics and Science Literacy in the Final Year of Secondary School
Chapter 1: International Student Achievement in Mathematics and Science Literacy
Table 1.1: Distributions of Mathematics and Science Literacy Achievement for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 1.1: Multiple Comparisons of Mathematics and Science Literacy Achievement for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 1.2: Mean Mathematics and Science Literacy Achievement by TIMSS Coverage
Table 1.2: Mathematics and Science Literacy Achievement for the Top 25 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Figure 1.3: Multiple Comparisons of Average Mathematics and Science Literacy Achievement for the Top 25 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Table 1.3: Gender Differences in Mathematics and Science Literacy Achievement for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Chapter 2: Achievement in Mathematics Literacy and Science Literacy
Table 2.1: Distributions of Achievement in Mathematics Literacy for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 2.1: Multiple Comparisons of Mathematics Literacy Achievement for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Table 2.2: Distributions of Achievement in Science Literacy for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 2.2: Multiple Comparisons of Science Literacy Achievement for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Table 2.3: Differences in Performance Between Mathematics Literacy and Science Literacy for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Table 2.4: Achievement in Mathematics Literacy by Gender for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Table 2.5: Achievement in Science Literacy by Gender for Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 2.3: Mathematics Performance at Eighth Grade and Final Year of Secondary School Compared with the International Averages
Figure 2.4: Science Performance at Eighth Grade and Final Year of Secondary School Compared with the International Averages
Chapter 3: Performance on Mathematics and Science Literacy Example Items
Table 3.1: Mathematics Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 1 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.2: Mathematics Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 2 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.3: Mathematics Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 3, Part A and Part B - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.4: Mathematics Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 4 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.5: Mathematics Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 5 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.6: Mathematics Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 6 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.7: Mathematics Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 7 - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 3.1: International Difficulty Map for Mathematics Literacy Example Items - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.8 Science Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 1 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.9 Science Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 2 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.10 Science Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 3 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.11 Science Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 4 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.12 Science Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 5 - Final Year of Secondary School 7
Table 3.13 Science Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 6 - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 3.14 Science Literacy - Percent Correct for Example Item 7 - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 3.2 International Difficulty Map for Science Literacy Example Items - Final Year of Secondary School
Chapter 4: Contexts for Mathematics and Science Literacy Achievement
Table 4.1 Mathematics and Science Literacy Achievement by Educational Program - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 4.1 Definitions of National Options Included in the International Categories for Students' Educational Programs - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.2: Students' Reports on Currently Taking Mathematics - Mathematics Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.3: Students' Reports on Currently Taking Mathematics by Gender - Mathematics Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.4: Students' Reports on Currently Taking Science - Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.5: Students' Reports on Currently Taking Science by Gender - Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.6: Students' Reports on Their Plans for Future Education - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School 92
Figure 4.2: National Adaptations of the Definitions of Educational Levels for Students' Reports on Their Plans for Future Education - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.7: Students' Reports on Their Self-Perceptions About Usually Doing Well in Mathematics and Science - Mathematics Literacy and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 4.3: Gender Differences in Students' Self-Perceptions About Usually Doing Well in Mathematics and Science - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.8 Student's Reports on How Much They Like Mathematics - Mathematics Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 4.4: Gender Differences in Liking Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.9: Students' Reports on How Much They Like the Sciences - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 4.5: Gender Differences in Liking the Sciences - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.10: Students' Reports on the Highest Level of Education of Either Parent - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 4.6: National Adaptations of the Definitions of Educational Levels for Parents' Highest Level of Education - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.11: Students' Reports on the Number of Books in the Home - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.12: Students' Reports on How Often They Use a Calculator at School, Home, or Anywhere Else - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.13: Students' Reports on the Frequency of Calculator Use During the TIMSS Test - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.14: Students' Reports on How Often They Use a Computer at School, Home, or Anywhere Else - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.15: Students' Reports on the Hours Per Day Spent Studying or Doing Homework - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.16 Students' Reports on the Hours Per Day Studying or Doing Mathematics Homework - Mathematics Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.17 Students' Reports on the Hours Per Day Studying or Doing Science Homework - Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.18 Students' Reports on How They Spend Their Leisure Time on a Normal School Day - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.19 Students' Reports on the Hours Per Day Spent Working at Paid Job - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.20 Students' Reports on the Hours Per Day Spent Watching Television or Videos - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 4.21 Students' Reports on How Often They Had Negative Experiences During the Past Month in School - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Advanced Mathematics Achievement in the Final Year of Secondary School
Chapter 5: International Student Achievement in Advanced Mathematics
Table 5.1 Distributions of Advanced Mathematics Achievement for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of School
Figure 5.1 Multiple Comparisons of Advanced Mathematics Achievement for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 5.2 Mean Advanced Mathematics Achievement by TIMSS Coverage Index for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 5.2 Advanced Mathematics Achievement for the Top 10 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Figure 5.3 Multiple Comparisons of Advanced Mathematics Achievement of the Top 10 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Table 5.3 Advanced Mathematics Achievement for the Top 5 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Figure 5.4 Multiple Comparisons of Advanced Mathematics Achievement of the Top 5 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Table 5.4 Gender Differences in Advanced Mathematics Achievement for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 5.5 Comparison Between All Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School and Final-Year Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics in Mathematics and Science Literacy
Chapter 6: Achievement in Advanced Mathematics Content Areas
Table 6.1 Achievement in Advanced Mathematics Content Areas for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 6.1 Profiles of Performance in Advanced Mathematics Content Areas for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 6.2 Achievement in Advanced Mathematics Content Areas by Gender for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 6.3 Advanced Mathematics - Percent Correct for Example Item 1 for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 6.4 Advanced Mathematics - Percent Correct for Example Item 2 for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 6.5 Advanced Mathematics - Percent Correct for Example Item 3 for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 6.6 Advanced Mathematics - Percent Correct for Example Item 4 for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 6.7 Advanced Mathematics - Percent Correct for Example Item 5 for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 6.8 Advanced Mathematics - Percent Correct for Example Item 6 for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 6.2 International Difficulty Map for Advanced Mathematics Example Items for Students Having Taken Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Chapter 7: Contexts for Advanced Mathematics Achievement
Table 7.1 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on the Amount of Mathematics Instruction They Are Currently Receiving Each Week - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.2 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Assigned Mathematics Homework - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.3 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Asked to Do Reasoning Tasks in Their Mathematics Lessons - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.4 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Asked to Apply Mathematics to Everyday Problems in Their Mathematics Lessons - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.5 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Asked to Solve Equations in Their Mathematics Lessons - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.6 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Asked to Apply Models to Data in Their Mathematics Lessons - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.7 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on How Often in Mathematics Lessons They Are Asked to Use Computers to Solve Exercises or Problems - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.8 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on How Often They Use a Calculator at School, Home, or Anywhere Else - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.9 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on the Frequency of Calculator Use During the TIMSS Test - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.10 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on the Highest Level of Education of Either Parent - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.11 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on Their Plans for Future EducationAdvanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.12 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on the Area They Intend to Study After Secondary School - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.13 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports on the Area They Intend to Study After Secondary School by Gender - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.14 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports That They Would Like a Job That Involved Using Mathematics - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 7.15 Advanced Mathematics Students' Reports That They Would Like a Job That Involved Using Mathematics by Gender - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Physics Achievement in the Final Year of Secondary School
Chapter 8: International Student Achievement in Physics
Table 8.1 Distributions of Physics Achievement for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 8.1 Multiple Comparisons of Physics Achievement for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 8.2 Mean Physics Achievement by TIMSS Coverage Index for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 8.2 Physics Achievement for the Top 10 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort 192
Figure 8.3 Multiple Comparisons of Physics Achievement for the Top 10 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Table 8.3 Physics Achievement for the Top 5 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Figure 8.4 Multiple Comparisons of Physics Achievement for the Top 5 Percent of All Students in the School-Leaving Age Cohort
Table 8.4 Gender Differences in Physics Achievement for Students Having Taken PhysicsFinal Year of Secondary School
Table 8.5 Comparison Between All Students in Their Final Year of Secondary School and Final-Year Students Having Taken Physics in Mathematics and Science Literacy
Chapter 9: Achievement in Physics Content Areas
Table 9.1 Achievement in Physics Content Areas for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 9.1 Profiles of Performance in Physics Content Areas for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 9.2 Achievement in Physics Content Areas by Gender for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 9.3 Physics - Percent Correct for Example Item 1 for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 9.4 Physics - Percent Correct for Example Item 2 for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 9.5 Physics - Percent Correct for Example Item 3 for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 9.6 Physics - Percent Correct for Example Item 4 for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 9.7 Physics - Percent Correct for Example Item 5 for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 9.8 Physics - Percent Correct for Example Item 6 for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure 9.2 International Difficulty Map for Physics Example Items for Students Having Taken Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Chapter 10: Contexts for Physics Achievement
Table 10.1 Physics Students' Reports on the Amount of Physics Instruction They Are Currently Receiving Each Week - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.2 Physics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Assigned Physics Homework - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.3 Physics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Asked to Do Reasoning Tasks in Their Physics Lessons - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.4 Physics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Asked to Apply Science to Everyday Problems in Their Physics Lessons - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.5 Physics Students' Reports on How Often They Are Asked to Conduct Laboratory Experiments in Their Physics Lessons - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.6 Physics Students' Reports on How Often in Physics Lessons They Are Asked to Use Computers to Solve Exercises or Problems - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.7 Physics Students' Reports on How Often They Use a Calculator at School, Home, or Anywhere Else - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.8 Physics Students' Reports on the Frequency of Calculator Use During the TIMSS Test - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.9 Physics Students' Reports on the Highest Level of Education of Either Parent - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.10 Physics Students' Reports on Their Plans for Future Education - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.11 Physics Students' Reports on the Area They Intend to Study After Secondary School - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table 10.12 Physics Students Reports on the Area They Intend to Study After Secondary School by Gender - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Appendices
Appendix A: Structure of Upper Secondary Education Systems and Characteristics of Students Tested
Appendix B: Overview of TIMSS Procedures
Figure B.1 Countries Participating in Components of TIMSS Testing
Figure B.2 The Three Aspects and Major Categories of the Mathematics Framework
Figure B.3 The Three Aspects and Major Categories of the Science Framework
Table B.1 Distribution of Mathematics and Science Literacy Items by Reporting Category
Table B.2 Distribution of Advanced Mathematics Items by Content Category
Table B.3 Distribution of Physics Items by Content Category
Table B.4 Coverage of TIMSS Target Population
Table B.5 Computation of TCI: Estimated Percentage of School-Leaving Age Cohort
Table B.6 School Sample Sizes - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.7 School Sample Sizes - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.8 School Sample Sizes - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.9 Student Sample Sizes - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.10 Participation Rates - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.11 Participation Rates - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.12 Participation Rates - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Figure B.4 Countries Grouped for Reporting of Achievement According to Their Compliance with Guidelines for Sample Implementation and Participation Rates - Mathematics and Science Literacy
Figure B.5 Countries Grouped for Reporting of Achievement According to Their Compliance with Guidelines for Sample Implementation and Participation Rates - Advanced Mathematics
Figure B.6 Countries Grouped for Reporting of Achievement According to Their Compliance with Guidelines for Sample Implementation and Participation Rates - Physics
Table B.13 TIMSS Within-Country Free-Response Coding Reliability Data - Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.14 TIMSS Within-Country Free-Response Coding Reliability Data - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.15 TIMSS Within-Country Free-Response Coding Reliability Data - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table B.16 Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficients - Final Year of Secondary School
Appendix C: The Test-Curriculum Matching Analysis
Table C.1 Test-Curriculum Matching Analysis Results - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table C.2 Test-Curriculum Matching Analysis Results - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table C.3 Standard Errors for the Test-Curriculum Matching Analysis Results - Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table C.4 Standard Errors for the Test-Curriculum Matching Analysis Results - Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Appendix D: Selected Achievement Results for Israel and Italy
Table D.1 Israel - Selected Achievement Results in Mathematics and Science Literacy - Unweighted Data
Table D.2 Israel - Selected Achievement Results in Advanced Mathematics - Unweighted Data
Table D.3 Israel - Selected Achievement Results in Physics - Unweighted Data
Table D.4 Italy - Selected Achievement Results in Physics (Small Sample Size)
Appendix E: Percentiles and Standard Deviations of Achievement
Table E.1 Percentiles of Achievement in Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.2 Percentiles of Achievement in Mathematics Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.3 Percentiles of Achievement in Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.4 Percentiles of Achievement in Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.5 Percentiles of Achievement in Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.6 Standard Deviations of Achievement in Mathematics and Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.7 Standard Deviations of Achievement in Mathematics Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.8 Standard Deviations of Achievement in Science Literacy - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.9 Standard Deviations of Achievement in Advanced Mathematics - Final Year of Secondary School
Table E.10 Standard Deviations of Achievement in Physics - Final Year of Secondary School
Appendix F: Acknowledgments
© 1998 International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).
Mathematics and Science Achievement in the Final Year of Secondary School: IEA's Third International Mathematics and Science Study / by Ina V.S. Mullis, Michael O. Martin, Albert E. Beaton, Eugenio J. Gonzalez, Dana L. Kelly, and Teresa A. Smith
Publisher: Center for the Study of Testing, Evaluation,
and Educational Policy,
Boston College.
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-81365
ISBN 1-889938-08-4
For more information about TIMSS contact:
International Study Center
Boston College
Manresa House
140 Commonwealth Avenue
Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
United States
For information on ordering this report, write the
above address
or call +1-617-552-1600.
Funding for the international coordination of TIMSS is provided by the U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the IEA, and the Canadian government. Each participating country provides funding for the national implementation of TIMSS.
The Mathematics and Science Achievement in the Final Year of Secondary School was released in February 1998 and written by Ina V.S. Mullis, Michael O. Martin, Albert E. Beaton, Eugenio J. Gonzalez, Dana L. Kelly, and Teresa A. Smith.